An Introduction to Biblical Law by William S. Morrow

Author:William S. Morrow [Morrow, William S.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.
Published: 2017-05-12T07:00:00+00:00

CHAPTER 13

Gift Offerings: Commitment and Belonging

Read: Exodus 12–13; Leviticus 1–7; 17; 23; Numbers 28–29

Traditional Jewish exegesis makes a distinction between “gift offerings” and “debt offerings.” Debt offerings are made to discharge a moral or ritual infraction. But gift offerings are mainly offered as symbols of praise, dedication, and worship.1 This chapter begins by showing how the structure of Leviticus 1–7 underscores the importance of gift offerings. It will then turn to a description of major kinds of sacrifices that constituted the system of gift offerings in priestly thought, ending with some remarks on the applicability of this category to ideas about sacrifice in the New Testament.

Structure

Leviticus 1–7 can be divided into two sections.

The Structure of Leviticus 1–7

I Instructions for the people (Lev 1:1–6:7)

Gift offerings (1–3)

1 ʿōlâ whole burnt offering

2 minḥâ cereal offering

3 zebaḥ šělāmîmsacrifice of well-being

Debt offerings (4:1–6:7)

4:1–5:13 ḥaṭṭāʾt purification offering (sin offering)

5:14–6:7 ʾāšām reparation offering (guilt offering)

II Administrative order

6:8–13 Rituals for whole burnt offerings (ʿōlâ)

6:14–18 Rituals for cereal offerings (minḥâ)

6:19–23 The cereal offering at the ordination of a priest

6:24–30 Rituals for purification offerings (ḥaṭṭāʾt)

7:1–6 Rituals for reparation offerings (ʾāšām)

7:7–10 Priestly perquisites for guilt, sin, burnt, and cereal offerings

7:11–21 Rituals for sacrifices of well-being

11–15 Thanksgiving offerings

16–18 Vow and freewill offerings

19–21 Necessity for ritual cleanness

7:22–27 Prohibitions against the consumption of hard fat (suet) and blood

7:28–36 Perquisites of the priests

7:37–38 Summary

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